Infrastructure
Observability Is Not Three Pillars: It Is Asking Questions
Logs, metrics, and traces are tools, not goals. Real observability is the ability to ask arbitrary questions about your system without deploying new code.
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Software Engineering
Type Systems as Architecture: How TypeScript Changed How We Design Software
TypeScript is not just JavaScript with types. It is a design tool that encodes business rules, prevents impossible states, and documents intent — if you use it right.
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Software Engineering
Database Migrations Without Downtime: A Complete Playbook
Every schema change is a risk. Here is the battle-tested playbook for migrating production databases without taking your application offline.
Software Engineering
The Monolith Is Not Dead: When Microservices Are the Wrong Choice
The industry overcorrected. Microservices solve real problems at scale, but most teams are not at that scale — and the complexity tax is killing their velocity.
Software Engineering
Code Review Is Broken: How to Fix It
Most code reviews catch typos and style issues. They miss the bugs that matter. Here is how to restructure reviews around what actually improves code quality.
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Artificial Intelligence
Building Production Eval Pipelines for LLM Applications
You cannot improve what you cannot measure. Here is how to build automated evaluation pipelines that catch regressions before your users do.
Artificial Intelligence
RAG Is Not Enough: When Retrieval-Augmented Generation Falls Short
Retrieval-augmented generation promised to fix hallucinations. It helps, but the harder problems — reasoning, multi-step logic, conflicting sources — need something more.
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Artificial Intelligence
Fine-Tuning vs Prompting: A Decision Framework
When should you fine-tune a model versus engineering better prompts? A practical framework based on cost, latency, accuracy, and maintenance burden.
Artificial Intelligence
The Architecture of Modern LLMs: From Attention to Agents
A deep dive into how large language models work under the hood — transformer architecture, attention mechanisms, and the emerging shift toward agentic systems.